Steel vs. Alloy vs. Composite Toe Safety Shoes, What Do I Need?

Footwear is a safety issue that can become very specific to the individual. We know that OSHA does not always require employers to pay for or supply safety shoes, so long as they are allowed to be worn outside of work settings. So, individuals are often making this purchase. However, employers should be setting forth minimum requirements for safety shoes where applicable and ensuring that all employees are meeting those expectations. OSHA requires that appropriate foot protection is utilized in any context where there is a risk of foot injury due to falling/rolling objects, objects piercing the sole, or electrical related injury after the employer has taken measures to mitigate those risks (29 CFR 1910.136(a)) . 

A quick review of various letters of interpretation relating to this standard shows us that foot protection covers a wide range of issues across workplaces. While we see questions relating to office and pharmacy settings, our focus is on those industries where safety toes are necessary to prevent major injuries. This includes, but is not limited to, construction, manufacturing, agriculture, and warehouse settings. 

With all this in mind, there is still the issue of what kind of safety shoe is best. One of our trusted foot protection vendors, Tingley, gives a great overview of the differences between steel, alloy, and composite toes. They share that since the 1930s, steel toe caps have been utilized for foot protection, but overtime lighter and more functional composite options have become available. The most important thing to know is that all safety shoes must be tested and meet the ASTM F2413 standard for compliance. If the shoe passes the test, it meets the standard and will provide the required level of protection whether it has a steel, alloy, or composite toe. 

We know that steel toe caps are still very popular in many industries as they have been reliable for a long time, and they generally have a lower cost than other options. However, the heavier weight and lack of protection from cold environments make steel less desirable for some. Additionally, in some settings it is possible for extreme forces to result in the steel compressing rather than breaking causing toes to be severely injured.

Alloy toe caps are one alternative to steel. This option is lighter, limiting some of the fatigue we see with steel, but it does not solve the cold environment risk as it will also transmit cold. 

Composite toe caps can be made of various materials including polycarbonate, fiberglass, Kevlar®, and others. In addition to often being lighter than steel, composite toes are far better for protecting against cold. Finally, composite toes are made of materials which do not conduct electricity, making them the best choice for settings where electrical risks are present.

Alternatives to steel toe caps have come around for a reason. But the added functions of the alloy and composite toe options does not mean that steel toe caps are obsolete. Many workers prefer the steel toe option in settings where cold and electrical hazards are not a concern. As you consider your best fit, give us a call at 919-602-2503 or reach out to marketing@safetypackonline.com to talk over what option is the best fit for you! 

 Resources:

• OSHA Letter of Interpretation: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/standardinterpretations/2013-12-09
• OSHA Standard: https://www.osha.gov/laws-regs/interlinking/standards/1910.136(a)
• Tingley White Paper: https://tingleyrubber.com/blogs/blog/steel-vs-alloy-vs-composite-safety-toes-understanding-the-test-requirements-and-making-an-informed-choice-about-what-s-best-for-you?srsltid=AU7gw4U_FsahPavsBPQbHh1OyVt7aOQPFnr_YEFEMDqxtx_rK_E6lX5Z